The first ever U.S. Open Championship took place on October 4, 1895, in Newport, Rhode Island. It was held in the form of a 36-hole competition and was played in one day. The participants consisted of 10 professional golfers and one amateur. The victory was gained by a young Englishman called Horace Rawlins. He got $150 out of the award fund of $325, and a $50 gold medal. His club was given the Open Championship Cup trophy, granted by the USGA.
In several last seasons (2004-2006), a span of 3 consecutive non-American champions took place for the first time since 1910. Those players are South African Retief Goosen (2004), New Zealander Michael Campbell (2005), and Australian Geoff Ogilvy (2006). An interesting fact is that there have been no European golfers to win the tournament since the winner Tony Jacklin from England in 1970.
Any professional, or to any amateur golfer with an up-to-date USGA Handicap Index not more than 1.4 the U.S. Open can take part in the tournament and obtain a place by being fully exempt or by competing successfully in Qualifying. The field usually comprises 156 golfers.
About half of the field consists of players that are fully exempt from qualifying. There are generally 17 full exemption categories, among them there are champions of the U.S. Open for the last ten years and the other three major golf tournaments for the last five years, the best 30 from the previous year's PGA Tour money list, the best 15 from the previous year's European Tour money list, and the best 50 in the Official World Golf Rankings according to the poll, held two weeks before the tournament. The prize fund at the 2006 U.S. Open Championship equaled $6,800,000, while the champion's part was $1,225,000.
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